The Third Book of Moses: Leviticus
⭑ Catholic Public Domain Version 2009 ⭑
- Chapter 11 -
(Deuteronomy 14:1–21; Acts 10:9–16)
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14
15
16
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Footnotes
(a)11:2
Animals which you are to eat, etc: The prohibition of so many kinds of beasts, birds, and fishes, in the law, was ordered, 1st, to exercise the people in obedience, and temperance; 2ndly, to restrain them from the vices of which these animals were symbols; 3rdly, because the things here forbidden were for the most part unwholesome, and not proper to be eaten; 4thly, that the people of God, by being obliged to abstain from things corporally unclean, might be trained up to seek a spiritual cleanness.(Challoner)
(b)11:3
Hoof divided, and chews the cud: The dividing of the hoof and chewing of the cud, signify discretion between good and evil, and meditating on the law of God; and where either of these is wanting a man is unclean. In like manner fishes were reputed unclean that had not fins and scales: that is, souls that did not raise themselves up by prayer and cover themselves with the scales of virtue.(Challoner)
(c)11:5 This particular animal is also called a hyrax, or a daman, or a cherogril. This animal is not scientifically categorized as a ruminant, but the Scripture passage uses ruminant with a broader meaning than science today uses. Rabbits chew over again in the sense of consuming a certain type of their own droppings, in order to derive additional nutrition.(Conte)
(d)11:5
The cherogrillus: Some suppose it to be the rabbit, others the hedgehog. St. Jerome intimates that it is another kind of animal common in Palestine, which lives in the holes of rocks or in the earth. We choose here, as also in the names of several other creatures that follow (which are little known in this part of the world,) to keep the Greek or Latin names.(Challoner)
(e)11:13
The griffon: Not the monster which the painter represent, which has no being upon earth; but a bird of the eagle kind, larger than the common.(Challoner)
(f)11:15 These categories are according to their likeness, i.e. according to appearances, which is a natural and practical way to categorize such animals.(Conte)
(g)11:19 Bats are classified with birds because they fly; the ancient categories for animals (as well as their names) do not always match modern scientific categories.(Conte)
(h)11:21 So these insects would have four walking legs, plus a longer pair behind for hopping or jumping.(Conte)
(i)11:22 Since ancient classifications of insects do not match modern classifications, the translation uses the more commonly understood words describing these types of insects.(Conte)