The Book of Judges

⭑ Catholic Public Domain :: Allioli - Arndt Bibel ⭑

- Kapitel 11 -

At that time, there was a Gileadite, Jephthah, a very strong man and a fighter, the son of a kept woman, and he was born of Gilead.(a)

Now Gilead had a wife, from whom he received sons. And they, after growing up, cast out Jephthah, saying, “You cannot inherit in the house of our father, because you were born of another mother.”

And so, fleeing and avoiding them, he lived in the land of Tob. And men who were indigent and robbers joined with him, and they followed him as their leader.

In those days, the sons of Ammon fought against Israel.

And being steadfastly attacked, the elders of Gilead traveled so that they might obtain for their assistance Jephthah, from the land of Tob.

And they said to him, “Come and be our leader, and fight against the sons of Ammon.”

But he answered them: “Are you not the ones who hated me, and who cast me out of my father’s house? And yet now you come to me, compelled by necessity?”

And the leaders of Gilead said to Jephthah, “But it is due to this necessity that we have approached you now, so that you may set out with us, and fight against the sons of Ammon, and be commander over all who live in Gilead.”(b)

Jephthah also said to them: “If you have come to me so that I may fight for you against the sons of Ammon, and if the Lord will deliver them into my hands, will I truly be your leader?”

They answered him, “The Lord who hears these things is himself the Mediator and the Witness that we shall do what we have promised.”

And so Jephthah went with the leaders of Gilead, and all the people made him their leader. And Jephthah spoke all his words, in the sight of the Lord, at Mizpah.

And he sent messengers to the king of the sons of Ammon, who said on his behalf, “What is there between you and me, that you would approach against me, so that you might lay waste to my land?”

And he responded to them, “It is because Israel took my land, when he ascended from Egypt, from the parts of Arnon, as far as the Jabbok and the Jordan. Now therefore, restore these to me with peace.”

And Jephthah again commissioned them, and he ordered them to say to the king of Ammon:

“Jephthah says this: Israel did not take the land of Moab, nor the land of the sons of Ammon.

But when they ascended together from Egypt, he walked through the desert as far as the Red Sea, and he went into Kadesh.

And he sent messengers to the king of Edom, saying, ‘Permit me to pass through your land.’ But he was not willing to agree to his petition. Likewise, he sent to the king of Moab, who also refused to offer him passage. And so he delayed in Kadesh,

and he circled around the side of the land of Edom and the land of Moab. And he arrived opposite the eastern region of the land of Moab. And he made camp across the Arnon. But he was not willing to enter the borders of Moab. (Of course, Arnon is the border of the land of Moab.)

And so Israel sent messengers to Sihon, the king of the Amorites, who was living at Heshbon. And they said to him, “Permit me to cross through your land as far as the river.”

But he, too, despising the words of Israel, would not permit him to cross through his borders. Instead, gathering an innumerable multitude, he went out against him at Jahaz, and he resisted strongly.

But the Lord delivered him, with his entire army, into the hands of Israel. And he struck him down, and he possessed all the land of the Amorite, the inhabitant of that region,

with all its parts, from the Arnon as far as the Jabbok, and from the wilderness even to the Jordan.

Therefore, it was the Lord, the God of Israel, who overthrew the Amorites, by means of his people Israel fighting against them. And now you wish to possess his land?

Are not the things that your god Chemosh possesses owed to you by right? And so, what the Lord our God has obtained by victory falls to us as a possession.(c)

Or are you, perhaps, better than Balak, the son of Zippor, the king of Moab? Or are you able to explain what his argument was against Israel, and why he fought against him?

And though he has lived in Heshbon, and its villages, and in Aroer, and its villages, and in all the cities near the Jordan for three hundred years, why have you, for such long a time, put forward nothing about this claim?

Therefore, I am not sinning against you, but you are doing evil against me, by declaring an unjust war against me. May the Lord be the Judge and the Arbiter this day, between Israel and the sons of Ammon.”

But the king of the sons of Ammon was not willing to agree to the words of Jephthah that he commissioned by the messengers.

Jephthah’s Tragic Vow

Therefore, the Spirit of the Lord rested upon Jephthah, and circling around Gilead, and Manasseh, and also Mizpah of Gilead, and crossing from there to the sons of Ammon,

he made a vow to the Lord, saying, “If you will deliver the sons of Ammon into my hands,

whoever will be the first to depart from the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the sons of Ammon, the same will I offer as a holocaust to the Lord.”(d)

And Jephthah crossed to the sons of Ammon, so that he might fight against them. And the Lord delivered them into his hands.

And he struck them down from Aroer, as far as the entrance to Minnith, twenty cities, and as far as Abel, which is covered with vineyards, in an exceedingly great slaughter. And the sons of Ammon were humbled by the sons of Israel.

But when Jephthah returned to Mizpah, to his own house, his only daughter met him with timbrels and dances. For he had no other children.

And upon seeing her, he tore his garments, and he said: “Alas, my daughter! You have cheated me, and you yourself have been cheated. For I opened my mouth to the Lord, and I can do nothing else.”

And she answered him, “My father, if you have opened your mouth to the Lord, do to me whatever you have promised, since victory has been granted to you, as well as vengeance against your enemies.”

And she said to her father: “Grant to me this one thing, which I request. Permit me, that I may wander the hillsides for two months, and that I may mourn my virginity with my companions.”(e)

And he answered her, “Go.” And he released her for two months. And when she had departed with her friends and companions, she wept over her virginity in the hillsides.

And when the two months expired, she returned to her father, and he did to her just as he had vowed, though she knew no man. From this, the custom grew up in Israel, and the practice has been preserved,(f)

such that, after each year passes, the daughters of Israel convene as one, and they lament the daughter of Jephthah, the Gileadite, for four days.

Fußnoten

(a)11:1 Jephthah mother was not a common prostitute, for then she could not have known who the father was (especially in that time period, when they did not understand conception). She must have been a kept woman, that is, a concubine of her father’s. Thus, she would know who the father would be, and would send the son to live with the father and his wife.(Conte)

(b)11:8 The pronoun ‘hanc’ refers to the ‘necessity’ in the previous verse. The translation states what the pronoun implies, for the sake of clarity.(Conte)

(c)11:24 Chamos:The idol of the Moabites and Ammonites. He argues from their opinion, who thought they had a just title to the countries which they imagined they had conquered by the help of their gods: how much more then had Israel in indisputable title to the countries which God, by visible miracles, had conquered for them.(Challoner)

(d)11:31 Whosoever, etc:Some are of opinion, that the meaning of this vow of Jephte, was to consecrate to God whatsoever should first meet him, according to the condition of the thing; so as to offer it up as a holocaust, if it were such a thing as might be offered by the law; or to devote it otherwise to God, if it were not such as the law allowed to be offered in sacrifice. And therefore they think the daughter of Jephte was not slain by her father, but only consecrated to perpetual virginity. But the common opinion followed by the generality of the holy fathers and divines is, that she was offered as a holocaust, in consequence of her father’s vow: and that Jephte did not sin, at least not mortally, neither in making, nor in keeping, his vow: since he is no ways blamed for it in scripture; and was even inspired by God himself to make the vow (as appears from ver. 29, 30) in consequence of which he obtained the victory; and therefore he reasonably concluded that God, who is the master of life and death, was pleased on this occasion to dispense with his own law; and that it was the divine will he should fulfil his vow.(Challoner)

(e)11:37 Bewail my virginity:The bearing of children was much coveted under the Old Testament, when women might hope that from some child of theirs, the Saviour of the world might one day spring. But under the New Testament virginity is preferred. 1 Cor. 7:35.(Challoner)

(f)11:39 St. Thomas Aquinas quotes St. Gregory saying, “If you have promised ill, break your faith.” Although Jephthah promised to kill whoever met him on his return, he should not have promised. God did not give him the victory in exchange for that immoral promise, but despite the promise. This also highlights the danger of making a deal with God in prayer, where, if God’s Providence and grace grants you a favor, you promise to do something. God may want to do the favor, but He also might not want what you are promising.(Conte)

Jephthah

Zu jener Zeit lebte Jephte, der Galaadite, ein sehr starker und streitbarer Held, einer Buhlerin Sohn, welcher von Galaad gezeugt war.

Galaad aber hatte ein Weib, die ihm Söhne gebar, welche, groß geworden, Jephte hinausstießen und sprachen: Du kannst nicht im Hause unseres Vaters Erbe sein, denn du bist der Sohn einer andern Mutter.

Da floh Jephte vor ihnen und mied sie und ließ sich im Lande Tob nieder; und es sammelten sich zu ihm nichts besitzende und raubsüchtige Leute und folgten ihm als ihren Anführer.

In jener Zeit kämpften die Söhne Ammons wider Israel.

Und da jene ihnen heftig zusetzten, zogen die Ältesten von Galaad hin, um sich aus dem Lande Tob Jephte zu Hilfe zu holen;

und sie sprachen zu ihm: Komm, werde unser Fürst und kämpfe gegen die Söhne Ammons!

Er antwortete ihnen: Seid nicht ihr es, die mich gehaßt und aus dem Hause meines Vaters verjagt haben; und jetzt kommt ihr zu mir, durch die Not getrieben?

Da sprachen die Häupter von Galaad zu Jephte: Eben darum sind wir zu dir gekommen, dass du mit uns ziehest und gegen die Söhne Ammons kämpfest und Fürst über alle seiest, die in Galaad wohnen.

Jephte antwortete ihnen: Seid ihr wirklich zu mir gekommen, damit ich für euch wider die Söhne Ammons kämpfe, und werde ich, wenn der Herr sie in meine Hände gibt, dann euer Fürst sein?

Sie antworteten ihm: Der Herr, der dies hört, ist Mittler und Zeuge, dass wir tun werden, was wir versprechen.

Da zog Jephte mit den Vornehmen von Galaad hin, und das ganze Volk machte ihn zu seinem Fürsten. Und Jephte redete alle seine Worte vor dem Herrn zu Maspha.

Hierauf sandte er Boten an den König der Söhne Ammons und ließ ihm in seinem Namen sagen: Was hast du mit mir zu schaffen, dass du gegen mich herangezogen bist, mein Land zu verheeren?

Jener antwortete ihnen: Weil Israel mein Land vom Arnon bis an den Jabok und den Jordan weggenommen hat, als es aus Ägypten heraufzog; gib es mir jetzt also friedlich zurück.

Jephte aber sandte sie nochmals hin und befahl ihnen, dem Könige von Ammon zu sagen:

So spricht Jephte: Israel hat weder das Land Moab noch das Land der Söhne Ammons weggenommen,

sondern als es aus Ägypten heraufzog, wanderte es durch die Wüste bis an das Rote Meer, und nach Kades gekommen,

sandte es Boten an den König von Edom und ließ ihm sagen: Lass mich durch dein Land ziehen. Dieser aber wollte seine Bitte nicht erhören. Ebenso sandte Israel an den König von Moab; aber auch dieser weigerte sich, den Durchzug zu gestatten. Es blieb also in Kades.

und umging das Land Edom und das Land Moab seitwärts und kam in das östlich vom Lande Moab gelegene Gebiet und lagerte sich jenseits des Arnon; und wollte in das Gebiet Moabs nicht eindringen, denn der Arnon bildet die Grenze des Landes Moab.

Da sandte Israel Boten zu Sehon, dem Könige der Amorrhiter, der in Hesebon wohnte, und ließ ihm durch diese sagen: Lass mich durch dein Land ziehen bis an den Fluss.

Aber auch er verachtete die Worte Israels und ließ es nicht durch sein Gebiet ziehen, sondern sammelte unzählbares Kriegsvolk und zog ihm bis Jasa entgegen und stellte sich ihm in hartem Kampfe entgegen.

Und der Herr gab ihn mit seinem ganzen Heere in die Hand Israels, und Israel schlug ihn und nahm das ganze Land der Amorrhiter ein, die jene Gegend bewohnten,

und ihr ganzes Gebiet vom Arnon bis zum Jabok und von der Wüste bis zum Jordan.

Der Herr also, der Gott Israels, hat die Amorrhiter vertilgt, als sein Volk Israel mit ihnen kämpfte, und du willst jetzt ihr Land in Besitz nehmen?

Gehört dir nicht mit Recht das, was dein Gott Chamos besitzt? Was aber der Herr, unser Gott, als Sieger errungen hat, soll uns gehören.

Oder bist du etwas besser als Balak, der Sohn Sephors, der König von Moab; oder kannst du erweisen, dass er mit Israel gerechtet und gegen dasselbe gekämpft hat,

zur Zeit, wo es in Hesebon und dessen Dörfern, und in Aroer und dessen Dörfern, oder in allen Städten am Jordan schon dreihundert Jahre lang ansässig war? Warum habt ihr so lange Zeit diese Rückforderung nicht versucht?

Sonach vergehe ich mich nicht gegen dich, sondern du tust übel an mir, indem du mir ungerechten Krieg ankündest. Der Herr sei Richter am heutigen Tage und entscheide zwischen Israel und zwischen den Söhnen Ammons!

Aber der König der Söhne Ammons wollte auf die Worte Jephtes, die er ihm durch die Boten hatte sagen lassen, nicht hören.

Jephthahs Gelübde und Sieg

Da kam auf Jephte der Geist des Herrn, und er zog durch Galaad und Manasse, auch nach Maspha in Galaad, und zog von dort gegen die Söhne Ammons

und machte dem Herrn ein Gelübde und sprach: Wenn du die Söhne Ammons in meine Hand überlieferst,

so will ich den, der zuerst aus der Tür meines Hauses heraustritt und mir entgegenkommt, wenn ich in Frieden von den Söhnen Ammons zurückkehre, dem Herrn als Brandopfer darbringen, wer es auch sei.

Hierauf zog Jephte gegen die Söhne Ammons, um gegen sie zu kämpfen; und der Herr gab sie in seine Hand.

Er brachte ihnen von Aroer bis nach Mennith hin, zwanzig Städte, und bis nach Abel, das ringsum von Weinbergen umhegt ist, eine sehr schwere Niederlage bei; und so wurden die Söhne Ammons von den Söhnen Israels gedemütigt.

Jephthahs Tochter

Als nun Jephte wieder nach Maspha in sein Haus kam, kam ihm seine einzige Tochter mit Pauken und Tanz entgegen; denn er hatte keine anderen Kinder.

Als er sie sah, zerriss er seine Kleider und sprach: Ach, meine Tochter, du hast mich betrogen und wurdest selbst betrogen; denn ich habe meinen Mund aufgetan gegen den Herrn und ich kann nun nichts anderes tun!

Sie antworteten ihm: Mein Vater! hast du deinen Mund gegen den Herrn aufgetan, so tue mir, was du immer gelobt hast, nachdem dir Rache und Sieg über deine Feinde verliehen worden.

Und sie sprach zu ihrem Vater: Dies eine nur gewähre mir, um was ich bitte; Laß mich zwei Monate hindurch auf den Bergen herumwandeln und meine Jungfrauschaft mit meinen Gespielinnen beweinen.

Er antwortete ihr: gehe hin! Und er ließ sie auf zwei Monate ziehen. Da ging sie hin mit ihren Gefährtinnen und Gespielinnen und beweinte ihre Jungfrauschaft auf den Bergen.

Und als zwei Monate um waren, kehrte sie zu ihrem Vater zurück, und er tat an ihr, die um keinen Mann wusste, wie er gelobt hatte. Seitdem ward es Sitte und bleibende Gewohnheit in Israel,

dass die Töchter Israels jährlich zusammen kommen, und die Tochter Jephtes, des Galaaditers, vier Tage lang beklagen.